Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is CPR?
The letters CPR stand for cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
CPR refers to the basic first aid skill that may improve someone’s chance of survival until the emergency medical services can get to the scene.
The most important skills are chest compressions to pump blood around the body.
2. What is a cardiac arrest?
Cardiac arrest means that the heart has stopped pumping blood around the body. This may occur for many reasons.
The heart is unable to act as a pump.
As the normal orderly electrical signal that controls the heartbeat becomes completely disorganised (this is called Ventricular Fibrillation)
Ventricular fibrillation can be treated with a defibrillator or (AED) that delivers a high energy shock to restore the heart’s normal rhythm.
3. The difference between a heart attack and a cardiac arrest
A Heart Attack is when blood flow to the heart muscle is blocked, causing damage, they are most likely to be awake.
Cardiac Arrest is when the heart stops beating altogether, they will be unresponsive and not breathing normally.
4. How effective is CPR?
High quality CPR is important to help improve chance of survival.
It helps by keeping blood flow to the brain and organs when someone’s heart stops.
The sooner CPR is started, the better the chances of survival.
5. Is compression-only CPR effective?
Yes, compression only CPR is effective.
It focuses on pushing hard and fast on the chest without the need for rescue breaths.
This method can help keep blood flowing and increase survival chances during a cardiac arrest.
6. What is an AED (Automated External Defibrillator)?
An AED is a portable device that helps restart a persons heart during a cardiac arrest.
It gives clear instructions and is simple to use and can deliver a shock to correct the heart rhythm.
7. Are AEDs safe to use?
Yes, an AED is safe to use. It is designed for anyone to use, even if they have no medical training.
The device gives instructions and will only deliver a shock if it’s needed.
8. How do I know where to find a Public Access AED?
When calling the emergency services, the call handler will also tell you where the nearest AED will be, they will also give you the code to unlock the cabinet to access the AED.
9. Do I need training to use an AED?
No, you don’t need training to use an AED.
It is made to be easy to use, with clear instructions that guide through each step.
However some training can help you feel more confident, which the Cardiac Action Group offer Free of Charge.
10. Is it safe to use an AED if the individual is lying on a wet or metal surface?
Yes, it is safe to use an AED on a metal or wet surface. Just make sure the front of the chest is dry and away from metal and follow the AED instructions.
11. Is it safe to use an AED on a pregnant person?
Yes, it is safe to use an AED on a pregnant person. The device can help in a cardiac emergency, and it won’t harm the baby.
12. If alone, should I start CPR or go get an AED?
After calling emergency services if told the AED is close apply the AED and follow instructions ASAP.
13. What is the Chain of Survival?
The Chain of Survival describes a sequence of steps that together maximise the chance of survival following cardiac arrest.
Figure 1: Chain of Survival
Step 1 - The first link in the chain is the immediate recognition of cardiac arrest and calling for help.
Step 2 - The second is the prompt initiation of CPR.
Step 3 - The third is performing defibrillation as soon as possible.
Step 4 - The fourth is optimal post-resuscitation care, which will be given by the emergency team.
Like any chain, it is only as strong as its weakest link. If one stage is weak, the chances of successful resuscitation are compromised.
14. How many people survive a cardiac arrest?
In the UK, about 1 in 10 People who have a cardiac arrest outside of a hospital survive, but early CPR and Defibrillation can improve these chances significantly.
When all the stages in the Chain of Survival take place promptly, the outcomes can be doubled.
This is possible where the arrest is recognised immediately, bystanders perform CPR, and an automated defibrillator is used before the ambulance service arrive.
15. Could someone be sued injuring someone whilst doing CPR?
In the UK, you can’t be sued for giving CPR in an emergency. Good Samaritan laws protect people who help others in need, if they act reasonably and in good faith.
So, helping someone is safe from legal issues.